Windhover By Hopkins Essay Example For Students

Windhover By Hopkins Essay In Gerard Manley Hopkins poem The Windhover there is a sort ofrepresentational allusion to Christ and Jesus. In other words the speakerpraises the Lord by praising what he takes as a symbol for Christ, the windhoverhimself. Through out the poem the speaker symbolizes Christs glory by the waythe falcon reacts to the air how it maneuvers and even charcteristic traits ofthe falcon species. One could only appreciate the glory of the Lord more afterinterpreting the poem. The poem is subtitled To Christ our Lordbecause the falcon reminds him of Christ. We will write a custom essay on Windhover By Hopkins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The speaker continuously hails one ofGods most stunning creatures, the falcon. He is flabbergasted at themagnificence of the windhovers flight. He wonders at its colorful feathers andthe sheer speed of its flight. His tone suggests that he is in awe. ..he isobserving something equivalent second coming of Jesus or angels walking amongregular men. He throws out a barrage visual imagery to try to describe thewindhover and still does not seem to come close to its real magnificence. Hewonders how such a creature could exist but is eventually just filled with gleein knowing the fact that it does exist. In the first stanza the speaker statesthat he spotted the mornings minion as if to suggest that the falcon was somehow subservient to the morning. He suggests that there is some sort of royalheiarchy by using words that recall images of sovereignty. Once the readerscratches the surface of the first stanza he can begin to understand theremainder of the poem. The second stanza takes a different stance on things. Thewindhover is out maneuvering when a smoothly and suddenly dives. The speakers isscared for the birds safety but is pleasantly surprised when the bird is liftedby a huge wind. One can say that in times of foolish pleasure he can fall butChrist will always lift be there to lift him back up. Christ is thus the cushionneeded for even a temporary fall from grace. Stanza three uses a barrage ofdescriptive words to denote the dignity of such a creature. In the animalkingdom it would be considered king of the roost. The speaker call the windhovera chevalier meaning knight or in other words a savior. Christ is also considereda savior. The speaker compares the bird and Christ with the hard work of theplow that creates a furrow and displays the wet soil underneath and burnedembers that shine red-gold when split open and burn with fire. That is directlycomparable to assumption that the speaker was leading a dark life until the Lordstirred up his life, split open his dark shell and helped him to shine with anew vigor for life. Christ could be seen in nature in the windhovers existence. He is symbolized in all the actions of the falcon and also represented in itscharactaeristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazed praise andrepresented in its characteristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazedpraise and appreciation. What he seems to be saying is that Christ exists ineven the smaller details in life and all we have to do is observe themperiodically to know that Christ lives on.

Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent

Nothing that is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction. Whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent. †¦ In this claim made by Hume, nothing is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction, implies whatever exists must have cause and in this case if that something is distinctly conceivable it has cause and it does not imply a contradiction. The example of the â€Å"bachelor† states that all bachelors are unmarried. This is self-contradictory and is contrary. To say that some bachelors are married implies/is a contradiction of saying all bachelors are married because either you are married or not and if you are married you can not be a bachelor. Therefore, the example of the bachelors is demonstrable. It does not show a valid deductive argument. The claim to say that â€Å"whatever we conceive as existent, we can conceive as non-existent.† would be thought to be seen as grounds against Hume’s claim that God’s existence is not demonstrable, but he justifies this claim by taking imaginative inductions. For example, dogs exist is true but on the contrary the idea that dogs do not exist is conceivable. We can imagine the world without dogs and even though this may be true, it is not a truth that is demonstrable. God’s existence is such that its contrary is not self-contradictory and no contradiction is implied and therefore God exists.... Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent Nothing that is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction. Whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent. †¦ In this claim made by Hume, nothing is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction, implies whatever exists must have cause and in this case if that something is distinctly conceivable it has cause and it does not imply a contradiction. The example of the â€Å"bachelor† states that all bachelors are unmarried. This is self-contradictory and is contrary. To say that some bachelors are married implies/is a contradiction of saying all bachelors are married because either you are married or not and if you are married you can not be a bachelor. Therefore, the example of the bachelors is demonstrable. It does not show a valid deductive argument. The claim to say that â€Å"whatever we conceive as existent, we can conceive as non-existent.† would be thought to be seen as grounds against Hume’s claim that God’s existence is not demonstrable, but he justifies this claim by taking imaginative inductions. For example, dogs exist is true but on the contrary the idea that dogs do not exist is conceivable. We can imagine the world without dogs and even though this may be true, it is not a truth that is demonstrable. God’s existence is such that its contrary is not self-contradictory and no contradiction is implied and therefore God exists....

A Study On Becks Theory Psychology Essay

A Study On Becks Theory Psychology Essay Beck’s theory states that Individuals with dysfunctional attitudes are likely to show increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events. From the cognitive perspective, we can say that depression is caused by one’s thinking. Someone with dysfunctional attitudes tends to think negatively toward themselves. When a negative event occurs which relates to that person, it triggers the negative thoughts over and over again which can lead to depression. Beck believed that the cognitive symptoms of depression actually precede the affective and mood symptoms of depression, rather than vice versa. Beck’s main argument was that depression was instituted by one’s view of oneself, instead of one having a negative view of oneself due to depression. For example, Abela and D’Alessandro’s (2002) found that the student’s negative views about their future strongly controlled the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and the increase in depressed mood. The research clearly backed up Beck’s claim that those at risk for depression due to dysfunctional attitudes who did not get into their college of choice then doubted their futures, and these thoughts lead to symptoms of depression. The other cause of depression would be a person’s interpersonal relationship with their surroundings and the people around them. Hammen and Brennan (2001) found that 13% of the sons and 23.6 % of the daughters who were depressed had depressed mothers as compared to 3.9% of the sons and 15.9% of the daughters who were depressed lacked a depressed mother. From the social perspective, we see that the child becomes depressed because of the interpersonal relationship with his or her mother which shows how the social environment around someone can influence the behaviour or thinking of the person. The depressed adolescents of depressed mothers were also more likely to evidence dysfunctional cognitions about their s ocial selves and worlds. (Hammen & Brennan, 2001, p. 8) This clearly contradicts beck’s argument that depression is cause by dysfunctional cognition but not vice versa. Hammen and Brennan (2001) discussed that adolescents gets depressed because of the interpersonal relationship with their mothers which then later lead them into dysfunctional cognitions. Whereas, beck states that dysfunctional attitudes comes first which then later on lead the person into depression. Another contradiction of these two concepts is that one states that depression is caused by the inner thinking without the influence of another person and on the contrary, the other is cause by the surrounding people and how they behave. Second Section Cognitive Theory Individuals with dysfunctional attitudes are likely to show increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events which is stated in Beck`s theory. We can say that depression is caused by one’s thinking from the cognitiv e perspective. Someone with dysfunctional attitudes tends to think negatively toward themselves. When a negative event shows up, it triggers the negative thoughts over and over again which can lead to depression. The relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events is caused by negative views of the future . Beck’s cognitive theory of depression has generated a vast body of empirical research.Central to Beck’s theory is the construct of schemas(Beck’s (1967, 1983). Beck defines schemas as stored bodies of knowledge that affect the encoding, comprehension and retrieval of information. The content and organization of different individuals’ schemas vary according to their particular experiences. Once activated, depressogenic schemas provide access to a complex system of negative themes and cognitions which will lead to ‘negative cognitive triad'(Beck’s (1967, 1983). Beck de fines the negative cognitive triad as a negative view of the self, the world and the future. Beck hypothesizes that the negative cognitive triad is a sufficient cause of depression and will start showing some depressive symptoms such as deficits in affective, motivational, behavioural and physiological functioning(John R. Z. Abela,2000). Beck also states that there are three main dysfunctional belief themes (or â€Å"schemas†) that dominate depressed people’s thinking (Natalie Staats Reiss, Ph.D, 2007):

What is the role of the state in your life in society Assignment

What is the role of the state in your life in society - Assignment Example tutions that govern a society, including the government, government bureaucracy, the judiciary, the armed forces and so on† (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.358). Even in a sociological approach, the role of state can be seen and understood in many ways like the Marxian approach that views state as a tool of oppression of the capitalist class, and the â€Å"state autonomy perspective† where the state is understood to have a role to safeguard its citizens within the economic and social limitations that it is bound to have (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.358). Anyway, when examined in relation with the state, the individual belongs to the civil sphere â€Å"outside of the formal state in which individuals and groups of individuals connect and act, independent of, but often in connection with, the state and the household (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.359). It is this inter-connectedness of the state and the individual that becomes the subject of evaluation in this paper. Health and employment have been considered as the â€Å"key determinants of our well-being† and also they have been accepted as â€Å"major objectives of European welfare state† (Borsch-Supan and Schroder, p.1). From this, it becomes clear that health and employment (which is a derivative of education), are two areas where the state has a major role to play. Security is another field where the state has always played an important role to such an extent that it has to shoulder the responsibility of â€Å"increasing than decreasing life chances for subjects/citizens† (Bedeski, 2007, p.62). The relationship between individual and the state in this regard has two aspects- the responsibility of subjects/citizens towards the state and the reciprocity of this responsibility. The responsibility of subjects/citizens â€Å"include, military service, taxes, obedience to laws, some subordination to officials, and tolerance of other particular interests† (Bedeski, 200 7,

International Marketing (Emaad) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Marketing (Emaad) - Essay Example McDonald’s has realigned its worldwide operations around its global strategy ‘Plan to Win.’ The retailer strives to continuously improve its business operations and thereby improve customer experience. McDonald’s realises that it exists because of its customers. It if for this reason that the foodservice chain’s aim is to provide quality, service, cleanliness and value (QSC&V) to every customer, every time. McDonald’s also ensures that it caters to the needs of all the stakeholders including the shareholders. McDonald’s, a publicly traded company, is a profitable business and provides superior returns to its owners. Its â€Å"three-legged stool†Ã‚  business model ensures that McDonald’s balances the interests of its operators, suppliers and employees. McDonald’s conducts its business in an ethical and responsible manner. The QSR also discharges its corporate social responsibility to make the world a better place to live in. The restaurant is well known for its hamburgers,  cheeseburgers, chicken sandwiches, French fries,  milkshakes, and  desserts. In response to the changing times, McDonald’s has also included various salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit items in its menu. The Big Mac, Quarter Pounder and Chicken McNuggets are some of its immensely popular products. The company attempts to create a standardised set of items that taste the same across all its business locations. In some cases, the taste and ingredients are deliberately altered to suit local tastes. McDonald’s has adopted a multi-domestic strategy while pursuing its strategy of Internationalisation. 2.0 Rationale behind Internationalisation McDonald’s grew by leaps and bounds in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. The company had thus made inroads in its home market and was looking at greener pastures oversees. The rationale behind internationalisation was to become a dominant worldwide player and increase its revenue. In 1967, McDonald’s opened its first oversees restaurants in Canada and Puerto Rico. As things stand today, McDoanld’s has business operations in 119 countries around the world (McDonald’s, 2013). The food chain has set three growth priorities; optimization of menu, modernisation of customer experience and increased accessibility to the brand. The last of these three growth priorities acts as a propeller for International expansion (DeTar, 2012). In 2012, the company added 1439 restaurants in its established markets like United States, France and Germany as well as its emerging markets like India, China and Russia. The ensuing discussion is on McDonald’s foray and expansion in India which is one of the most promising markets for McDonald’s. 3.0 Mode of Entry McDonald’s has been able to grow rapidly throughout the world due to its astute use of franchising. The importance of franchising in McDonald’s growth can b e gauged from the fact that more than 80 percent of its restaurants are franchisees. McDonald’s has extremely standardised procedures which makes it easier to train franchisees. Standardisation in business operations enables McDoanld’s to provide the same product, the same taste all over the world. McDonald's set foot on Indian soil by forging a 50-50 joint venture partnership between McDonald's Corporation (United States) and two Indian companies; Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd., and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. It is noteworthy to mention that McDonald’

Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

Fear of Death Essay -- Literary Analysis, Gilgamesh

Death it is something we all must face at one point in our lives or another. It is either a death of a loved one, friend or co-worker. Sometimes it’s the devastation from a natural disaster. No matter what makes us face the idea of death it is how we handle this realization that truly matters. When Gilgamesh is faced with the horrendous loss of his dear friend and comrade Enkidu he begins to fear death. In Gilgamesh’s youth he is proud without fear of death, it is not until he watches his friend die that his own mortality becomes a fear. The story begins showing Gilgamesh as a strong warrior as shown when he first meets Enkidu who wants to stop Gilgamesh from having relations with a woman on her wedding night. â€Å"They grappled each other, holding fast like wrestlers, They shattered the doorpost, the wall shook†¦They grappled each other at the door to the wedding, They fought in the street, the public square†¦It was Gilgamesh who knelt for the pin, his foot on the ground† (23). This shows that Gilgamesh is strong and is not afraid to fight. Here the reader is unable to see if he fears death but he faces a challenge head on. This shows a lack of fear of the unknown in regards to a fight. He is sure of himself and knows that he will win regardless of his opponent. As we read further we are told about Gilgamesh wanting to go into to the forest to kill the monster Humbaba. As he and Enkidu are preparing for the fight Enkidu speaks of his concerns in which Gilgamesh responds with â€Å"Here you are, even you, afraid of death†¦If I fall on the way, I’ll establish my name: ‘Gilgamesh, who joined battle with fierce Humbaba’†(26) this gives the idea that Gilgamesh is accepting to death at this point. He is not afraid of death because... ...athe in water, look proudly on the little one holding your hand, Let your mate be always blissful in your loins, This, then, is the work of mankind† (65). Although Gilgamesh may still be afraid of death it is notable to see how the idea of death changes from ones youth to adulthood. We can also see that how one experiences death can determine what they will feel about death. We see that during his youth Gilgamesh was carefree, not afraid to face challenges that could result in death. In fact he enjoyed them and ridiculed those who showed an ounce of fear while facing a battle. As he witnesses his close friend die he begins to fear his own death. He is afraid of wasting away and dieing in bed. At the end he comes to the realization that no matter what he did he cannot escape death and maybe it is time to live instead of worry about death that awaits him.

Islam – Hajj

Hajj Overview oPilgrimage is the supreme prayer for forgiveness of sins committed and the ultimate preparation for eternity oPilgrimage rituals which must be performed, eg circumambulation of the Ka’ba oThe rites of the Hajj symbolise the essential concepts of Islam and commemorate the trials of the Prophet Ibrahim and his family oHajj: The annual, week-long pilgrimage to Mecca (in modern-day Saudi Arabia), which is the fifth pillar of faith and is therefore an obligation as it is prescribed in the Qur’an.The complete Hajj occurs two months and ten days after Ramadan ends and culminates with ‘Id al-Adha (the Festival of Sacrifice). oIhram: The white garments are symbolic of human equality and unity before God, since all pilgrims are dressed similarly. Money and status are no longer a factor for the pilgrims— the equality of each person before God becomes foremost. oBefore they leave they must pay their debts, provide for for Hajj nd provide for any family t hat may be left behind. oThe rituals occur in and around Mecca. Before commencing Hajj or entering the holy area of Makkah the pilgrams must prepare themselves for the physical and spiritual journey ahead. This includes †¢Formal washing of the complete body †¢Making intention †¢Putting on the clothing consisting of two seamless pieces of white cloth for males. Females can wear what they like, provided its modest and covers body. †¢Attaining a state of Ihram, a state of purity, peace and honesty > refraining from sex, flirting, lustful thoughts, wearing shoes or socks. Reciting a prayer that the Hajj is for Allah alone > â€Å"here I am responding to your call O Allah. I am responding to your call. † oThen begins the physical journey of the pilgrim in Makkah. One that will take several days to complete. Significance oMuslims believe that the rites of Hajj were designed by God and taught by the Prophet Muhammad. oThe Hajj is designed to develop God conscious ness and a sense of spiritual rebirth. oIt is also believed to be an opportunity to seek forgiveness of sins accumulated throughout life. Prophet Muhammad had said that a person who performs Hajj properly ‘will return as a newly born baby [free of all sins]’. oIt is also an opportunity for Muslims from all over the world to come together to worship the One God. How Hajj Expresses the Belief of Islam oIncorpoates and expresses all the main articles of faith of Islam (beliefs about Allah, his messengers, Muhammad, the Qur’an, angels, Adam and eve the devil, life, death and the Day of Judgment to come. oTradition has it that Adam and Eve were forgiven by Allah near Mount of Mercy.In gratitude Adam built the first Ka’ba but this was washed away in the great flood. oIn the Qur’an there are many references to the Hajj and pilgrimage is mentioned many times. In fact Sura 22 is titled Al-Hajj †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Proclaim the pilgrimage to the people. They will co me to you on foot and on every lean camel, they shall come from every deep ravine† Significance of Hajj for the individual and the community o‘The reward for an accepted Hajj is nothing less than paradise’ (Hadith) oMakes present the central beliefs of a muslims religion. It is an obligatory pilgrimage oThey get to see the very places where the Prophet Muhammad lived and to walk in his footsteps is inspirational and strengthening to faith oAn opportunity for spiritual rebirth and the removal of sins, to start again and ‘return like a newborn baby’ (Hadith) oThe rejection of Satan by stoning the three pillars is a physical act that reinforces a spiritual and psychological commitment to reject evil both now and into the future oThe pilgrims state of Ihram is one of purity and humility.Here they are at peace with Allah, with themselves, with other Muslims and with all of creation. This memory will stay with them and they will try to recreate this in thei r everyday lives. oWithin Hajj the unity and universality of Islam are highlighted and strengthened. oHajj is the largest annual peace gathering in the world with over 2 million people gathering each year to pray together and be at peace with each other and with creation. oHajj reminds all Muslims of the Day of Judgement when all will assemble and be judged on their intentions.Conclusion Islam, the world’s second most followed religion can be summed up in the two sentences: ‘There is no god but God’ and ‘Muhammad is the messenger of God’. Everyone and everything depends upon Allah and it is through the guidance of the Qur’an and the example set by the Prophet’s life that Muslims cultivate an understanding of God and surrender themselves to the will of God. The relationship between the individual and God and with the community is expressed in the living out of the five pillars and following Shari‘a.Throughout its history, there hav e been shifts in how Islam views signifi cant people and schools of thought, and the modern world has brought new challenges to Islamic jurisprudence in regard to ethical issues. Muslims living in Australia have not always found it easy to ‘live out’ their religion according to Shari‘a and have had to confront misconceptions about their beliefs and practices. Today, however, the practices of Islam are a normal part of Australia’s religious landscape.

History of Physical Education Essay

A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs. How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men’s Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football. But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECE. In Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled. The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge. The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protection and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc. These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored. The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore. From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clinics and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†. The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished. The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in the productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group. Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings. This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies. In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games.

Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US

Rave Culture: The Number One Example of Social Deviance Introduction What is a rave? This is a fundamental question that, in a way, I will attempt to answer in this paper, but I will never do it. Raving is a highly subjective experience. One person's best rave is another person's worst. Any attempt to analyze rave culture must recognize the highly personal factor of the experience. It is because of this fact that I start off my attempt to analyze rave culture with a series of quotes on the experience. "...hardcore music being slammed through my body while I dance through my own psychedelic mind trip with a few hundred other beautiful energy-filled youth who accept and embrace the life force of the universe." -rave participant "In general practice, a "rave" often refers to a party, usually all night long, open to the general public, where loud techno music is ... played and many people partake of a number of different chemicals, though the latter is far from necessary. The number of people at the event is unimportant ... the cost of attendance is unimportant (though in practice, the higher the price, the more commercial the event, and the lower the quality). At a rave, the DJ is a shaman, a priest, a channeler of energy-they control the psychic voyages of the dancers through his [sic] choice in hard-to-find music and their skill in manipulating that music... A large part of the concept of raves is built upon sensory overload-a barrage of audio and very often visual stimuli are brought together to elevate people into an altered state of physical or psychological existence." -rave participant "A contingent of city, state, and military police Sunday raided the Paradox Club in the 1300 block of Russell St. where at least 600 people some as young as 14 were attending a "rave" party at which drugs where available, a Baltimore police official said yesterday" -rave participant "I walked into the space, and was immediately s... Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US Rave Culture: The Number One Example of Social Deviance Introduction What is a rave? This is a fundamental question that, in a way, I will attempt to answer in this paper, but I will never do it. Raving is a highly subjective experience. One person's best rave is another person's worst. Any attempt to analyze rave culture must recognize the highly personal factor of the experience. It is because of this fact that I start off my attempt to analyze rave culture with a series of quotes on the experience. "...hardcore music being slammed through my body while I dance through my own psychedelic mind trip with a few hundred other beautiful energy-filled youth who accept and embrace the life force of the universe." -rave participant "In general practice, a "rave" often refers to a party, usually all night long, open to the general public, where loud techno music is ... played and many people partake of a number of different chemicals, though the latter is far from necessary. The number of people at the event is unimportant ... the cost of attendance is unimportant (though in practice, the higher the price, the more commercial the event, and the lower the quality). At a rave, the DJ is a shaman, a priest, a channeler of energy-they control the psychic voyages of the dancers through his [sic] choice in hard-to-find music and their skill in manipulating that music... A large part of the concept of raves is built upon sensory overload-a barrage of audio and very often visual stimuli are brought together to elevate people into an altered state of physical or psychological existence." -rave participant "A contingent of city, state, and military police Sunday raided the Paradox Club in the 1300 block of Russell St. where at least 600 people some as young as 14 were attending a "rave" party at which drugs where available, a Baltimore police official said yesterday" -rave participant "I walked into the space, and was immediately s...

Security in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Security in the Workplace - Essay Example The term security may include integrated security, physical security, company security, hiring issues, etc. Some situations may be emergencies, which definitely require a proactive procedure. Emergencies should be prevented as much as possible and that is why it is important to determine what might be an emergency, or what might lead to an emergency. If an emergency or a safety need does arise, it is detrimental that systems and policies are in place. This will not only avoid confusion and lack of readiness and education, it will minimize injuries, accidents, and liabilities. When safety/securities needs are overlooked, they can cause problems for everyone and this causes lawsuits and liabilities. The organization, with the security manager’s guidance, should look out for the safety and security of all those who enter and have dealings with the company. The security manager should also help provide a secured environment by teaching administration/management and staff how to ab ide the systems and policies, focusing on intrusion prevention and detection, consistent auditing, and computer security. Management is the authority in which the staff follows and they also provide the standard for any visitors and clients who deal with the organization, or company. Management should know what to look for during the hiring process to prevent future problems. Security in the Workplace 2 Nixon states, "Poor hiring practices can cost a company in lost productivity, theft, and at the extreme end, workplace violence incidents that can cost lives, damage the company's reputation, and depress future earnings. Legal expenses for negligence lawsuits (for issues including negligent hiring, supervision, security, training, and retention) average $2.2 million, according to Rebecca Speer, a workplace-violence attorney. But more devastating is the loss of life that violence in the workplace can cause. To minimize the risk of such incidents, companies need to implement a well-crafted hiring process that screens out violence- prone candidates before they become employees". Steps in the hiring process will lead to risk management, a safer environment for all, and fewer liabilities. "One of the simplest self-opt-out techniques is to declare the organization a "violence-free workplace," just as some organizations proclaim that they are a drug-free workplace and therefore test all applicants for drugs. If, from the outset of the hiring process, a company makes clear that its selection process focuses on individuals who will support efforts to keep the environment free of violence, individuals who have been used to displaying aggressive, hostile, and violent behavior will go elsewhere or will join the company with the understanding that this behavior is not acceptable," states Nixon. Screening candidates during job interviews is an excellent way to insure a safe and secure environment. Be sure to choose questions that are helpful in meeting your Security in the Workplace 3 organization's goals, do background checks, investigate inconsistent work history, and contact each candidate's references. Be sure to have job candidates sign a form which states that, should he/she be hired, listing false information on an application is reason for termination. The theoretical foundation for security is to determine every possible issue and concern regarding safety and security in order to plan, develop, implement, enforce,

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young Essay

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young children's rights' - Essay Example However, when dealing with children, it is crucial that their rights are respected especially since they are the weak members of society and are currently unable to fend for themselves. Hence, it is important that people or agencies that have children as a component of what they do must take note that children have rights too and are fully entitled to these rights. As mentioned, with everybody else, they have their rights from birth and must never be discriminated. Freeman (1996) further emphasizes this point stating that despite the importance and extreme value of these rights, these are automatically owned. People must not work for these rights, toil; beg much more bleed for these rights. As such, though incapable of working and are generally dependent, children must be accorded these rights. Human rights are very important. Hence, the United Nations (UN) has crafted its declaration ratified by different country members to ensure its protection. It is through this declaration that the UN protects the rights of individuals as they continually support efforts and provide recognition for this birth right of everyone (United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN 2011). However, since children are still unable to care for themselves much more know and defend their rights, the United Nations (UN) have put forth the Convention for the Rights of the Child (CRC) to provide additional protection that will ensure that children’s rights are upheld. Additionally, the CRC calls for the participation of children so that these rights may be practiced. The CRC also recognizes that adults play a crucial role for the rights to be enjoyed by every child (Nurick and Johnson, 2001). Main Body Recognizing Rights Early On As mentioned, rights are not given to anybody in the course of their lifetime hence it is not something to be taken away. These rights are born with every individual. Thus, it is important that appreciation of these rights start early for children. It then makes the integration of children’s rights during early child development crucial for the formative development of children. During these times, programs are utilized to influence the circumstances surrounding children as they grow up. Of course the family is considered since it is the immediate environment of the child. Then, the community is likewise considered and of course the institutions that are necessary for the early development of the child such as the availability of health centers and schools and the quality of service these institutions provide. Moreover, policies are also considered since these will impact on the opportunities for development as well as the protection of children’s rights (Arnold 2001). Policies play a key role since these is where funding for early childhood development comes from. An example would be the funding of the federal government of British Colombia (BC) so that there will be budget allocation to care for the unborn through pregnancy support, birth and on infancy. The government also supports parenting and the family and makes provisions for the improvement of the community and for early childhood development as well as children’s education and care. The support will really play a big role especially if this is calibrated with the