Should College Be Free College - 848 Words

Free College Why are not more people going to college? One obvious answer would be cost, especially the cost of tuition. But the problem is not just that college is expensive. It is also that going to college is complicated. Free college is not just about cultural and social, neither economic. It means navigating advanced courses, standardized tests, and forms. It means figuring out implicit rules-rules that can change. College graduates have higher employment rates, bigger salaries, and more work benefits than high school graduates. College graduates also have better life, live longer, interpersonal skills, have healthier children, and proven their ability to achieve a major milestone. For parents and students, free college sounds like a dream come true. Free college is not a new idea, but, with higher education costs and students debt dominating public perception, it is one that appeals to more and more people. The national debate about free, public higher education is long ago and. Last year, Germany eliminated tuition because they believed that free college works. Germany used to charge student $1,300 per year, which was later found discouraged the Germans from going to college. Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Argentina, Egypt, Spain and many other countries around the globe also offer free college to all of their citizens and foreigners too. Next year, Chile will do the same. If other countries can make free college, so can theShow MoreRelatedShould College Be Free College?1614 Words   |  7 Pagescandidates because of his belief that tuition and cost of living at public colleges and universities should be free. Free college has become one of the most talke d about policy proposals on the campaign trail, but questions surround the policy, such as how it would work, how much it would cost and how it would affect students (Rhatican). Most colleges bundle their prices in terms of tuition and fees. In 1995, tuition for private colleges was around 14k, for Public out of state it was around 7k and for publicRead MoreShould College Be Free College?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesto cover the costs? Free college is now brought up as a debate whether or not students should receive free college tuition while attending college. Some individuals would like this idea, but I am definite the taxpayers would not like it or support it. If the government cannot afford what they are in debt with now, I am quiet uncertain how adding free college would help the debt go down. I am sure that the government would find some way to get their money back from allowing free tuition, or twice theRead MoreShould College Be Free? Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesShould college be free? A current universal problem poses this question. In today’s world, full of public education standards that hold students maybe too high and in a generation bo gged down by student debt, this issue qualifies as a problem more than many are maybe even willing to admit. While the prospect of free college proposes excellent ideals such as a stronger and smarter generation, no student loan problems, and a higher educated society, the truth may actually lie in the reality thatRead MoreCollege Should Not Be Free876 Words   |  4 Pagesmake public college tuition free. A recent movement to federally mandate college funding has struck the interest of the lower, impoverished members of society. However, if college tuition were free it would be unfair, unregulated, and cost-ineffective in the long run. What does free really mean? Does it include just tuition, or room, board and books? Also, would it be completely free? Someone has to pay something somewhere down the line. There is no way to make college completely free. It would beRead MoreShould Colleges Be Free? Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesShould colleges be free in America? It is a questi on that is more relevant today than ever before. As education is one key factor that determines the nation’s fate going forward, this question is worth debating. Making free college education may sound good theoretically but requires herculean efforts to make it practically possible. The main question is whether such program be effective in the long run or not? If, yes how long will the government able to support these costs and from where? Are tuitionRead MoreShould College Be Free?893 Words   |  4 Pagesor not college should be free. Images of students rallying and protesting can be often seen in the news. They are in favor of making college free. I disagree and feel that college should not be free. People would be more likely to fail because there would be no financial consequence, the financial burden would be passed on to taxpayers who wouldn’t even benefit from it, and it would not be fair to those who work hard through earning scholarships and serving in the military. College should not beRead MoreCollege Should Be Free759 Words   |  3 Pages Should the cost of earning a college degree be free? Some students,parents, and educators say that it is morally wrong for a child to spend their entire life going to public school for free and having them to just turn around and pay for college. The students, parents, and educators all would agree that the cost of obtaining a college degree should indeed be free. Those who are against this issue believe that the students themselves or their parents who are financially able should pay for someRead MoreShould College Be Free844 Words   |  4 PagesShould college be free? Posted on  May 8, 2011  by  writefix Should college education be free, or should university students be required to pay tuition fees? Some countries have free education from kindergarten to university, while  students in other countries have to pay  at every step of the way.  This essay will look at some of the reasons for this difference  at university level. Free third level education has several advantages. First of all,  everyone can attend, so the gap between rich and poorRead MoreShould College Be Free?1907 Words   |  8 PagesShould College Be â€Å"Free† in America? As many young millennials rally behind Bernie Sanders and his outlandish claims of free public college for all, others sigh and shake their heads in disapproval. Are these college students really entitled to free higher education? Is it every American’s unalienable right to have a college education? Despite the recent push for free college in the United States, the economic burden and drop in personal responsibility it would create proves that colleges shouldRead MoreShould College Be Free?1916 Words   |  8 Pagesthroats since elementary, I am planning to attend college. My sisters and I being the first generation in our family to attend college, everything is a little scarier. Nothing scared me more than seeing the cost of the tuition. My parents dropped out of college after one year because they didn’t put the work in to get scholarships, and tuition was too much. My oldest sister is in her third year of college and is already planning to come out of college w ith $70,000 debt, because she is in a private school

How to Write Case Analysis Free Essays

Read a case at your normal speed without stopping to take notes. Read the assignment at the end of the case (if there is an assignment), and then carefully read the entire case again, taking notes in the margins as you read. Your task is to identify problems in the case, formulate recommendations to solve these problems, and then write your analysis with the following four headings: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summary of the facts presented. 2. Analysis of the problems. 3. Recommendations for solutions to the problems. 4. Implications your recommendations will have on the operation of the organization. Follow the above format even if there are Assignment questions at the end of the case. Important: Weave the answers to the Assignment questions into your â€Å"Recommendations† section. As you write your case analysis, you must include appropriate references to the assigned reading. Your references should be in the following formats: For books and articles, (Brandenburger Nalebuff, 1996. p. 126) and for Web articles and material, (www. charleswarner. us/articles/BUDGETS. html. September, 2004). The date in the Web reference is the month you accessed a Web site. Do not include a bibliography or references section at the end of your case analysis unless you refer to books or articles that are not Required or Recommended Reading. Summary Begin your write-up with a concise synthesis of the facts in the case, under the heading â€Å"Summary. † Stick to one or two sentences and do not put any discussion of problems or recommendations for solutions in this section. Analysis The most important section of your case analysis comes next, under the heading â€Å"Analysis. † This section should be the longest, most thorough section of your write-up. Managers cannot solve problems unless they can first identify them. Recognizing problems and then understanding the nature of the problems is the proper beginning of all managerial action. Solutions generally fall in place relatively easily once problems are recognized and understood. There are often several viable solutions to problems in a case, but you cannot implement any of them if you cannot identify the problems. It is important that there are references to the assigned reading in the Analysis section. Your grade will depend, to a large degree, on how many appropriate, relevant, references you include in your write-up. Recommendations Next, write your recommendations on to how to solve the problems in a section titled â€Å"Recommendations. † Put the solutions in order of priority. It is vitally important that you include references to the assigned reading in the Recommendations section, too. If there are questions or assignments at the end of the case, weave your answers into the Recommendations section of the case. Implications. Finally, in your â€Å"Implications† section you should elaborate what implications your recommendations will have on the operation of the organization in the short and long term and what broader policy implications your recommendations might have not only on your organization but also on the business community, if there are any. In other words, if your recommendations are implemented, what changes will the organization and the business community in general have to make in the way they do things now and in the future? Include appropriate references in this section, too. How to cite How to Write Case Analysis, Papers

Leadership in Health Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership in Health Management. Answer: Leadership may be defined as the art of encouraging a team of individuals to act towards accomplishing business objectives. In short words, leadership refers to motivating other sto perform well and to achieve the desired results. This essay describes the significance of leadership in health management. In enduring steady conditions, good administration is relied upon to guarantee capable and convincing usage of assets, however in the present time in social insurance fragment where there is quick change, different powers to deal with rising necessities, with limited assets. In the health management, leadership is seen as making the best decision and administration as doing the right thing in a suitable manner. The essay explains the reasons for the significance of trust and straightforwardness for the viable administration and leadership of healthcare organizations. The study also describes the various personal, organizational and system obstacles pioneers face in accomplishing the t rust and transparency attributes. In the present scenario, there are various challenges faced by the health organizations which affect both the organization and performance of employees. According to Bowling (2014), to lessen these difficulties and issues, initiative assumes an imperative part as to progression, and make is important, as getting things done in a comparable way later on will not be tolerable. In the contemporary health framework, supervisors give organizational leadership to make sure that services keep on evolving to meet assorted groups needs across diverse segments. In a situation including forceful conduct among medicinal services suppliers, members recognized that, before reacting, a suitable pioneer must gather the data to determine the main issues causing such conduct. Potential outcomes include anxiety, the absence of clear responsibilities, and standard working methods, and lastly, the absence of training on imperative leadership aptitudes. Thus, clinical leaders most likely have a favorable arrangement to achieve from increasing their leadership skills. In healthcare institutions, leadership abilities are perceived as significant over all disciplines. According to Swayne et al. (2012), the nature of leader is imperative to help the administrative activities in all companies and not be overlooked in healthcare atmosphere. So that, in order to gain the leadership skills, there are various point of views which leaders require in order increasing their capacity. Efficient skills involve efficient communication among the colleagues, subordinates and also among patients. conflicts can be settled when there has one's very own comprehension correspondence style and also that of others and having what it takes to choose the arrived clashes among specialists and moreover association. Administration preparing must be available to each colleague in reducing botches among partners or any miscommunication issue that emerges. The leadership in health management concentrates on the measuring, observing and enhancing the clinical and financial perfo rmance of health services organizations, as well as preparing leaders for organizational modification. Leadership is important in healthcare management in order to address the large stress on service provision and to offer the new methods of working with the organization (Parekh et al., 2011). According to McAlearney (2010), trust and transparency is considered to be an important factor in the success of any business organization. Employees need to work for a business where data that is organization objectives, business direction, products guides and so on is proactively shared. Trust and transparency enable the employees to enhance their execution and efficiency, but also develop a culture of trust and responsibility within the association. The factor transparency and trust lead to the more consumer-driven environment, the more transparent the organization, the more profound the client relationship. The combination of these two elements acculturates brands and influences customers to feel like they have a personal relationship with the organization. Transparency establishes trust among workers and consumers. In healthcare management, trust and transparency is the strongest driver of healthcare improvement. Transparency has the capacity to improve responsibility, efficiency, and quality of service delivery, enhance patients engagement in their own care, and drive economic development. There are many reasons which show that trust and transparency are important for the viable management and leadership in healthcare organization such as these two attributes help in resolving the problems more readily, attract the appropriate representatives, and encourage trust in leadership. Healthcare organizations are, at its center, is depending on connections. As with any relationship, trust and straightforwardness are foundational to building up and keeping up a solid association. The exceptionally individual nature of healthcare connections bolsters the significance of trust. Establishing trust is basic for the patient experience. Unfortunately, trust can be delicate and short-lived. It can be either disintegrated or improved in a moment. In the context of healthcare organization, the confirmation proposes the idea appears to grasp trust in ability and learning, and also whether the trustee is working to the greatest advantage of the trustor. According to Ingebrigtsen et al. (2014), the vulnerability related with being sick may particularly lead trust in medicinal settings to have a powerful enthusiastic and instinctive element. Trust connections are therefore featured by one party, the trustor, having positive assumptions with respect to both the capability of the other party, the trustee and that they will work to their greatest advantage. For example, in the National Health Service (NHS), it can be recognized between trust relations at the small scale level between a singular patient and clinician, between one clinician and another or between a clinician and a supervisor, and those at the large scale level which comprises patient and people trust in clinicians and supervisors as a rule, in a specific health care organizations, and in the NHS as a healthcare framework. The former are comprehensively classified as relational and organizational trust connection while the last constitute distinctive sorts of institutional trust (Kelly, 2011). Trust, also profoundly related with patient satisfaction is accepted to be an unmistakable idea. Trust is forward-looking and reflects an attitude to a new or continuing connection while fulfillment has a tendency to be founded on past involvements and means to the evaluation of supplier's execution. The effect of the trust on workplace relations in human services settings, trust enc ouraged a feeling of obligation in regards to the organization, enhances communitarian hones amongst clinicians and was associated with representative fulfillment and motivation. From an organizational point of view, trust is considered to be significant in its own particular right, that is, it is inherently vital for the arrangement of effective health care and has ever been portrayed as a collective good, similar to social trust or social capital. Specific organization's points of interest that might be getting from the trust as a sort of social capital consolidate the diminishing on the move cost because of lower perception and checking costs and the general change of efficiency. On the same side, transparency is also considered as an important element for the effective management and leadership in healthcare organizations. According to Grol et al. (2013), as customers pay more for their healthcare they are requesting more transparency. With the rising transparency, healing centers need to create plans to address patient satisfaction while finding a way to involve for more completely in the patient satisfaction exchange and online networking interchanges by comprising the rating procedure (Naylor et al., 2011). To date, most undertakings to improve transparency have objected to the administrative educational sets that all medicinal services structures and their established organizations keep up, and it is these endeavors that are by and by the best impact on most of the areas. In any case, some social protection systems are assembled and mining tolerant respond information on the workplaces they pass on, and a couple of structures are making singular data available particularly to patients. The transparency elements are important for the effective management and leadership in the healthcare organizations for the following reasons such as accountability, productivity, and decision-making process (Geissbuhler et al., 2013). According to Chassin Loeb (2013), to maintain the accountability in the healthcare organizations, solidifying verification creating affirmation demonstrates that straightforwardness can be extreme drives of obligation particularly by considering wellbeing controllers to account. For instance, current news stories depend on announced information uncovered that between 1997 and 2010, the amount of elderly individuals going in from nonappearance of lack of hydration which a preventable clarification behind death in the United Kingdom has duplicated and the number executed by affirmed Superbags had risen sevenfold. In light of these and similar reports, the assembly moved an examination concerning the measures of care conveyed in NHS upheld mind homes. It is additionally evaluating the ways it examines and coordinates those homes. According to Wong et al. (2010), two consequent requests contemplated that straightforwardness was the key factor that incited the examination and that lives had been spared accordingly. Both the demand stressed that more noticeable use of routine data and client reaction would have shielded the poor practices from hanging on for so long. In competitive industries, transparency is the popular driver of the decision. For example, the accessibility of relative data about vitality providers and administration designs has motivated more than 100000 UK family units to switch suppliers or plans each week, tolerant reports setting aside to 200 consistently by trading. This is better affirmation that transparency impacts choices in England. In Barnsley, for instance, the neighborhood National Health Service payor gave quality honors to 14 general practices in which around 40 percent of the range's general practice due to that they met certain expert benchmarks (Christianson et al., 2010). Since 2008, when the honors were presented, about, 4500 patients have modified their enrollment to the practices with quality awards (Ezziane et al., 2012). In order to enhance the productivity in the healthcare organization, a significant some portion of the most grounded confirmation for the estimation of straightforwardness as open approach handle originates from begins from attempts to appropriate relative profitable data. According to Raghupathi Raghupathi (2014), the accessibility of such information basically prompts healthcare organizations to deliver benefits more cost-effectively, paying little respect to whether the data is scattered inside the associations or shared more completely with the general population. The reason behind this information is basic which means that leader has the ability to encourage and motivate employees behavioral change. The upsides of similar data sharing have been given in expansive open organizations. In 1999, for instance, the city of Baltimore executed a consistent similar data following structure called Citistat. The structure was at first planned to diminish non-appearance among public laborers yet was soon stretched out to give a broad assortment of execution information about city citizen support associations. Efficiency changes followed so quickly that Citistat saved Baltimore $13.2 million in the first year of operation, regardless of its start-up cost. By 2007, add up to efficiency investment funds had come to $350 million. In a few driving Canadian healing centers, an inner production of similar data about clinician execution provoked both improved productivity and better quality (Norman et al., 2010). The experts whose execution was seemed to advance from best practice tended to move to the typical conventionally quick, and the best entertainers tended to improve too. Transparency also motivated dispersal of best practices at those healing facilities. Inside a couple of month of the information discharge, the normal health is enhanced by more than 30 percent and sudden re-confirmation declined by more than 20 percent. For improving the quality and achieve the good results in health care organizations, transparency can play an important role in expanding care quality. For example, British heart specialist started willfully distributing result information in 2005. By 2010, their hazard balanced death rates for CABG and aortic valve substitution had fallen by more than one fifth and 33 percent, individually. The limit of transparency in order to update clinical results without considering gaming has also seen in different countries. In Sweden, open announcing of mortality data for synodical infraction patients provoked the most mi nimal performing healing centers to establish noteworthy change programs inside two years, they had sliced their death rates down the middle. According to Wong Laschinger (2013), the transparency leads to enlarge patient satisfaction and also prompt the powerful administration and initiative in the medicinal services associations. The medicinal services association with a specific end goal to extend the straightforwardness of the patient survey strategy and light wide and for better changes uses a compelling mix of information and techniques. The healthcare organizations can use the information to encourage change in the association. One of the good measures amongst other leaders of a general experience is a patients likelihood to prescribe the health system to family and friends. As such, these hospitals invited a response from patients and families about their care understanding. The hospital took an interest in patient experience studies that are managed privately and anonymously through an independent third party. Transparency also increasing awareness and involvement which results in making the management efficiency and improve leadership skills in healthcare organizations. To encourage change and care arrangement over the health framework's care substances, hospital leadership commenced the activity with a progression of the instructive road which demonstrates at overcoming starting protection and connecting with physicians in enhancing the patient experience. The healing center also discovered that it is imperative to permit sufficient time for such an important culture change to happen. Regardless of the truth, surging affirmation would likely just expansion vulnerability and confirmation. Keeping that in mind, leadership also introduced projects to enhance physician's work experience so that they could concentrate on improving patient satisfaction. This spanned from relieving center burden to changing staff assignments (Laschinger et al., 2012). According to Boonstra Broekhuis (2010), there are several barriers and issues faced by the leaders in accomplishing the trust and transparency attributes. The main three barriers which leaders faced are personal, organizational and system barriers in order to achieve these two attributes. According to de Souza Pidd (2011, the main personal barriers leaders faced are recognition, lack of clarity around objectives, and fear of failure. The recognition barriers state that having a sense of recognition is a harmful thing. A sense of entitlement can rise in associations when there is a call for enormous basic and social change. With such approaching changes, workers can feel challenged. If there has been a culture of entitlement in the organization, only capable players or market leaders has the capacity to hit culture of entitlement strongly. Workers and managers also can encounter a sentiment pain and unbelievably to terms with another technique for completing things, a substitute pla n of characteristics and social benchmarks. A sentiment plan can also be seen when a man in a place of vitality legitimizes their going too far lead, for example, unfaithfulness, using work reserves for individual reasons such as occasions or betting and abusing a power relationship in some way. ; According to Friedberg et al. (2013), the second personal barriers faced are that leaders are not having clarity about their roles and responsibilities. Leaders have not clear vision as in which direction leaders want to go and grow. The leaders are not ensuring about their goals which result in affecting their overall performance. The thirds personal barrier is having the fear of failure in the mind of the leader. Sometimes development needs leaders to take on new difficulties, and new challenges can be hard to achieve particularly when succeeding or failure may affect others on the team. Thus, these are the personal barriers which leaders faced in achieving trust and transparency in the organization. On the other hand, the organizational barriers which leaders faced in accomplishing trust and transparency are unsupportive environment, position over individual, adaptability, and engagement. An unsupportive atmosphere is one that does not have the basic resources required for improvement. According to Luxford et al. (2011), this hindrance is fairly expansive in that it focuses on the master plan, yet taking a nearer at association condition can reveal genuine open doors for change. This barrier creates the problems for leaders to maintain the trust and transparency among employees. The position over people refers that the pursuit over individuals may introduce the leader to the top yet leave once the leader gets there. Adaptability concentrates on the requirements of the outer circumstance and the impact of standards and convictions that help leader's ability to respond to the requirement for change. As such, a leaders flexibility is driven by necessities or needs from the external organization. Customer expectation and requirements often become a fundamental for leaders in executing new advancement in their organization. According to Grove et al. (2010), the transparency is practiced by leaders not only to their surroundings as well as to themselves and it is their efforts to adjust their circumstance through openness to all partners. For example, in healthcare organizations, transparency and trust include positive attitude to communicate information of systems and decision making to outsider patients. Thus, in order to maintain trust and transparency in the healthcare organization, leaders should have the complete knowledge and must know their roles and responsibilities. The last organizational barrier is leaders engagement in the business activities. Involvement is organizational values that help leaders of an organization to achieve a sense of accountability, and responsibility in the company through their engagement in business activities. For this purpo se, management should consider leaders to involve in the organization activities. When leaders are highly engaged, the organization is more efficient because they are more transparent and committed towards the organizations interest. But when the company encounters a lack of engagement by leaders, it is difficult to respond to difficult environmental change. According to Purnell (2012), the next system barriers which leaders face in accomplishing trust and transparency in healthcare organizations is lack of health care provider knowledge and skills such as patient unfamiliarity with new frameworks, lack of care provider knowledge and skills, and limited access to physician. Being new to the Australia healthcare framework can make it troublesome for leaders to get to quality care. For instance, leaders may be unfamiliar with the greatest advantages of a primary care system that is prevention, continuity of care and screening. The leader may be uncertain where to find healthcare and health related offer resistance. The leader may also be unfamiliar with their rights to get to medicinal services under provincial and government insurance plans. The other system barrier is the lack of knowledge of a health professional can be an issue to quality care (Asgary Segar, 2011). Finally, there are few family specialists with proper language or cult ural abilities accepting patients in some areas where they are required. As, some physicians are hesitant to acknowledge patients because of higher authoritative requirements or problems to payment for services rendered by organization. From the above essay, it is concluded that leadership plays an important role in achieving the success in any organizations. This essay describes the importance of leadership in healthcare organizations. The study explains the reasons which show the significance of trust and straightforwardness in healthcare organizations for the viable administration and leadership skills. The essay also describes the personal, organizational and system barriers which leaders face in achieving the trust and transparency in the organizations. References Asgary, R., Segar, N. (2011). Barriers to health care access among refugee asylum seekers.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved,22(2), 506-522. Boonstra, A., Broekhuis, M. (2010). Barriers to the acceptance of electronic medical records by physicians from systematic review to taxonomy and interventions.BMC health services research,10(1), 231. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Chassin, M. R., Loeb, J. M. (2013). High?reliability health care: getting there from here.The Milbank Quarterly,91(3), 459-490. Christianson, J. B., Volmar, K. M., Alexander, J., Scanlon, D. P. (2010). A report card on provider report cards: current status of the health care transparency movement.Journal of General Internal Medicine,25(11), 1235-1241. de Souza, L. B., Pidd, M. (2011). Exploring the barriers to lean health care implementation.Public Money Management,31(1), 59-66. Ezziane, Z., Maruthappu, M., Gawn, L., Thompson, E. A., Athanasiou, T., Warren, O. J. (2012). Building effective clinical teams in healthcare.Journal of Health Organization and Management,26(4), 428-436. Friedberg, M. W., Van Busum, K., Wexler, R., Bowen, M., Schneider, E. C. (2013). A demonstration of shared decision making in primary care highlights barriers to adoption and potential remedies.Health Affairs,32(2), 268-275. Geissbuhler, A., Safran, C., Buchan, I., Bellazzi, R., Labkoff, S., Eilenberg, K., ... De Moor, G. (2013). Trustworthy reuse of health data: a transnational perspective.International journal of medical informatics,82(1), 1-9. Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., Davis, D. (Eds.). (2013).Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons. Grove, A. L., Meredith, J. O., Macintyre, M., Angelis, J., Neailey, K. (2010). UK health visiting: challenges faced during lean implementation.Leadership in Health Services,23(3), 204-218. Ingebrigtsen, T., Georgiou, A., Clay-Williams, R., Magrabi, F., Hordern, A., Prgomet, M., ... Braithwaite, J. (2014). The impact of clinical leadership on health information technology adoption: systematic review.International journal of medical informatics,83(6), 393-405. Kelly, P. (2011).Nursing leadership management. Cengage learning. Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., Grau, A. L. (2012). The influence of authentic leadership on newly graduated nurses experiences of workplace bullying, burnout and retention outcomes: A cross-sectional study.International journal of nursing studies,49(10), 1266-1276. Luxford, K., Safran, D. G., Delbanco, T. (2011). Promoting patient-centered care: a qualitative study of facilitators and barriers in healthcare organizations with a reputation for improving the patient experience.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,23(5), 510-515. McAlearney, A. S. (2010). Executive leadership development in US health systems.Journal of Healthcare Management,55(3), 206-222. Naylor, M. D., Aiken, L. H., Kurtzman, E. T., Olds, D. M., Hirschman, K. B. (2011). The importance of transitional care in achieving health reform.Health affairs,30(4), 746-754. Norman, S. M., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F. (2010). The impact of positivity and transparency on trust in leaders and their perceived effectiveness.The Leadership Quarterly,21(3), 350-364. Parekh, A. K., Goodman, R. A., Gordon, C., Koh, H. K., HHS Interagency Workgroup on Multiple Chronic Conditions. (2011). Managing multiple chronic conditions: a strategic framework for improving health outcomes and quality of life.Public health reports,126(4), 460-471. Purnell, L. D. (2012).Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach. FA Davis. Raghupathi, W., Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential.Health information science and systems,2(1), 3. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012).Strategic management of healthcare organizations. John Wiley Sons. Wong, C. A., Laschinger, H. K. (2013). Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), 947-959. Wong, C. A., SPENCE LASCHINGER, H. K., Cummings, G. G. (2010). Authentic leadership and nurses' voice behaviour and perceptions of care quality.Journal of Nursing Management,18(8), 889-900.

Windhover By Hopkins Essay Example For Students

Windhover By Hopkins Essay In Gerard Manley Hopkins poem The Windhover there is a sort ofrepresentational allusion to Christ and Jesus. In other words the speakerpraises the Lord by praising what he takes as a symbol for Christ, the windhoverhimself. Through out the poem the speaker symbolizes Christs glory by the waythe falcon reacts to the air how it maneuvers and even charcteristic traits ofthe falcon species. One could only appreciate the glory of the Lord more afterinterpreting the poem. The poem is subtitled To Christ our Lordbecause the falcon reminds him of Christ. We will write a custom essay on Windhover By Hopkins specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The speaker continuously hails one ofGods most stunning creatures, the falcon. He is flabbergasted at themagnificence of the windhovers flight. He wonders at its colorful feathers andthe sheer speed of its flight. His tone suggests that he is in awe. ..he isobserving something equivalent second coming of Jesus or angels walking amongregular men. He throws out a barrage visual imagery to try to describe thewindhover and still does not seem to come close to its real magnificence. Hewonders how such a creature could exist but is eventually just filled with gleein knowing the fact that it does exist. In the first stanza the speaker statesthat he spotted the mornings minion as if to suggest that the falcon was somehow subservient to the morning. He suggests that there is some sort of royalheiarchy by using words that recall images of sovereignty. Once the readerscratches the surface of the first stanza he can begin to understand theremainder of the poem. The second stanza takes a different stance on things. Thewindhover is out maneuvering when a smoothly and suddenly dives. The speakers isscared for the birds safety but is pleasantly surprised when the bird is liftedby a huge wind. One can say that in times of foolish pleasure he can fall butChrist will always lift be there to lift him back up. Christ is thus the cushionneeded for even a temporary fall from grace. Stanza three uses a barrage ofdescriptive words to denote the dignity of such a creature. In the animalkingdom it would be considered king of the roost. The speaker call the windhovera chevalier meaning knight or in other words a savior. Christ is also considereda savior. The speaker compares the bird and Christ with the hard work of theplow that creates a furrow and displays the wet soil underneath and burnedembers that shine red-gold when split open and burn with fire. That is directlycomparable to assumption that the speaker was leading a dark life until the Lordstirred up his life, split open his dark shell and helped him to shine with anew vigor for life. Christ could be seen in nature in the windhovers existence. He is symbolized in all the actions of the falcon and also represented in itscharactaeristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazed praise andrepresented in its characteristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazedpraise and appreciation. What he seems to be saying is that Christ exists ineven the smaller details in life and all we have to do is observe themperiodically to know that Christ lives on.

Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent

Nothing that is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction. Whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent. †¦ In this claim made by Hume, nothing is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction, implies whatever exists must have cause and in this case if that something is distinctly conceivable it has cause and it does not imply a contradiction. The example of the â€Å"bachelor† states that all bachelors are unmarried. This is self-contradictory and is contrary. To say that some bachelors are married implies/is a contradiction of saying all bachelors are married because either you are married or not and if you are married you can not be a bachelor. Therefore, the example of the bachelors is demonstrable. It does not show a valid deductive argument. The claim to say that â€Å"whatever we conceive as existent, we can conceive as non-existent.† would be thought to be seen as grounds against Hume’s claim that God’s existence is not demonstrable, but he justifies this claim by taking imaginative inductions. For example, dogs exist is true but on the contrary the idea that dogs do not exist is conceivable. We can imagine the world without dogs and even though this may be true, it is not a truth that is demonstrable. God’s existence is such that its contrary is not self-contradictory and no contradiction is implied and therefore God exists.... Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent Free Essays on Hume -existent Vs. Non-existent Nothing that is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction. Whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent. †¦ In this claim made by Hume, nothing is distinctly conceivable implies a contradiction, implies whatever exists must have cause and in this case if that something is distinctly conceivable it has cause and it does not imply a contradiction. The example of the â€Å"bachelor† states that all bachelors are unmarried. This is self-contradictory and is contrary. To say that some bachelors are married implies/is a contradiction of saying all bachelors are married because either you are married or not and if you are married you can not be a bachelor. Therefore, the example of the bachelors is demonstrable. It does not show a valid deductive argument. The claim to say that â€Å"whatever we conceive as existent, we can conceive as non-existent.† would be thought to be seen as grounds against Hume’s claim that God’s existence is not demonstrable, but he justifies this claim by taking imaginative inductions. For example, dogs exist is true but on the contrary the idea that dogs do not exist is conceivable. We can imagine the world without dogs and even though this may be true, it is not a truth that is demonstrable. God’s existence is such that its contrary is not self-contradictory and no contradiction is implied and therefore God exists....

A Study On Becks Theory Psychology Essay

A Study On Becks Theory Psychology Essay Beck’s theory states that Individuals with dysfunctional attitudes are likely to show increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events. From the cognitive perspective, we can say that depression is caused by one’s thinking. Someone with dysfunctional attitudes tends to think negatively toward themselves. When a negative event occurs which relates to that person, it triggers the negative thoughts over and over again which can lead to depression. Beck believed that the cognitive symptoms of depression actually precede the affective and mood symptoms of depression, rather than vice versa. Beck’s main argument was that depression was instituted by one’s view of oneself, instead of one having a negative view of oneself due to depression. For example, Abela and D’Alessandro’s (2002) found that the student’s negative views about their future strongly controlled the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and the increase in depressed mood. The research clearly backed up Beck’s claim that those at risk for depression due to dysfunctional attitudes who did not get into their college of choice then doubted their futures, and these thoughts lead to symptoms of depression. The other cause of depression would be a person’s interpersonal relationship with their surroundings and the people around them. Hammen and Brennan (2001) found that 13% of the sons and 23.6 % of the daughters who were depressed had depressed mothers as compared to 3.9% of the sons and 15.9% of the daughters who were depressed lacked a depressed mother. From the social perspective, we see that the child becomes depressed because of the interpersonal relationship with his or her mother which shows how the social environment around someone can influence the behaviour or thinking of the person. The depressed adolescents of depressed mothers were also more likely to evidence dysfunctional cognitions about their s ocial selves and worlds. (Hammen & Brennan, 2001, p. 8) This clearly contradicts beck’s argument that depression is cause by dysfunctional cognition but not vice versa. Hammen and Brennan (2001) discussed that adolescents gets depressed because of the interpersonal relationship with their mothers which then later lead them into dysfunctional cognitions. Whereas, beck states that dysfunctional attitudes comes first which then later on lead the person into depression. Another contradiction of these two concepts is that one states that depression is caused by the inner thinking without the influence of another person and on the contrary, the other is cause by the surrounding people and how they behave. Second Section Cognitive Theory Individuals with dysfunctional attitudes are likely to show increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events which is stated in Beck`s theory. We can say that depression is caused by one’s thinking from the cognitiv e perspective. Someone with dysfunctional attitudes tends to think negatively toward themselves. When a negative event shows up, it triggers the negative thoughts over and over again which can lead to depression. The relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and increases in depressed mood following the occurrence of negative events is caused by negative views of the future . Beck’s cognitive theory of depression has generated a vast body of empirical research.Central to Beck’s theory is the construct of schemas(Beck’s (1967, 1983). Beck defines schemas as stored bodies of knowledge that affect the encoding, comprehension and retrieval of information. The content and organization of different individuals’ schemas vary according to their particular experiences. Once activated, depressogenic schemas provide access to a complex system of negative themes and cognitions which will lead to ‘negative cognitive triad'(Beck’s (1967, 1983). Beck de fines the negative cognitive triad as a negative view of the self, the world and the future. Beck hypothesizes that the negative cognitive triad is a sufficient cause of depression and will start showing some depressive symptoms such as deficits in affective, motivational, behavioural and physiological functioning(John R. Z. Abela,2000). Beck also states that there are three main dysfunctional belief themes (or â€Å"schemas†) that dominate depressed people’s thinking (Natalie Staats Reiss, Ph.D, 2007):

What is the role of the state in your life in society Assignment

What is the role of the state in your life in society - Assignment Example tutions that govern a society, including the government, government bureaucracy, the judiciary, the armed forces and so on† (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.358). Even in a sociological approach, the role of state can be seen and understood in many ways like the Marxian approach that views state as a tool of oppression of the capitalist class, and the â€Å"state autonomy perspective† where the state is understood to have a role to safeguard its citizens within the economic and social limitations that it is bound to have (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.358). Anyway, when examined in relation with the state, the individual belongs to the civil sphere â€Å"outside of the formal state in which individuals and groups of individuals connect and act, independent of, but often in connection with, the state and the household (Henslin, Possamai and Possamai-Inesedy 2011, p.359). It is this inter-connectedness of the state and the individual that becomes the subject of evaluation in this paper. Health and employment have been considered as the â€Å"key determinants of our well-being† and also they have been accepted as â€Å"major objectives of European welfare state† (Borsch-Supan and Schroder, p.1). From this, it becomes clear that health and employment (which is a derivative of education), are two areas where the state has a major role to play. Security is another field where the state has always played an important role to such an extent that it has to shoulder the responsibility of â€Å"increasing than decreasing life chances for subjects/citizens† (Bedeski, 2007, p.62). The relationship between individual and the state in this regard has two aspects- the responsibility of subjects/citizens towards the state and the reciprocity of this responsibility. The responsibility of subjects/citizens â€Å"include, military service, taxes, obedience to laws, some subordination to officials, and tolerance of other particular interests† (Bedeski, 200 7,

International Marketing (Emaad) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Marketing (Emaad) - Essay Example McDonald’s has realigned its worldwide operations around its global strategy ‘Plan to Win.’ The retailer strives to continuously improve its business operations and thereby improve customer experience. McDonald’s realises that it exists because of its customers. It if for this reason that the foodservice chain’s aim is to provide quality, service, cleanliness and value (QSC&V) to every customer, every time. McDonald’s also ensures that it caters to the needs of all the stakeholders including the shareholders. McDonald’s, a publicly traded company, is a profitable business and provides superior returns to its owners. Its â€Å"three-legged stool†Ã‚  business model ensures that McDonald’s balances the interests of its operators, suppliers and employees. McDonald’s conducts its business in an ethical and responsible manner. The QSR also discharges its corporate social responsibility to make the world a better place to live in. The restaurant is well known for its hamburgers,  cheeseburgers, chicken sandwiches, French fries,  milkshakes, and  desserts. In response to the changing times, McDonald’s has also included various salads, wraps, smoothies and fruit items in its menu. The Big Mac, Quarter Pounder and Chicken McNuggets are some of its immensely popular products. The company attempts to create a standardised set of items that taste the same across all its business locations. In some cases, the taste and ingredients are deliberately altered to suit local tastes. McDonald’s has adopted a multi-domestic strategy while pursuing its strategy of Internationalisation. 2.0 Rationale behind Internationalisation McDonald’s grew by leaps and bounds in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States. The company had thus made inroads in its home market and was looking at greener pastures oversees. The rationale behind internationalisation was to become a dominant worldwide player and increase its revenue. In 1967, McDonald’s opened its first oversees restaurants in Canada and Puerto Rico. As things stand today, McDoanld’s has business operations in 119 countries around the world (McDonald’s, 2013). The food chain has set three growth priorities; optimization of menu, modernisation of customer experience and increased accessibility to the brand. The last of these three growth priorities acts as a propeller for International expansion (DeTar, 2012). In 2012, the company added 1439 restaurants in its established markets like United States, France and Germany as well as its emerging markets like India, China and Russia. The ensuing discussion is on McDonald’s foray and expansion in India which is one of the most promising markets for McDonald’s. 3.0 Mode of Entry McDonald’s has been able to grow rapidly throughout the world due to its astute use of franchising. The importance of franchising in McDonald’s growth can b e gauged from the fact that more than 80 percent of its restaurants are franchisees. McDonald’s has extremely standardised procedures which makes it easier to train franchisees. Standardisation in business operations enables McDoanld’s to provide the same product, the same taste all over the world. McDonald's set foot on Indian soil by forging a 50-50 joint venture partnership between McDonald's Corporation (United States) and two Indian companies; Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd., and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. It is noteworthy to mention that McDonald’

Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

Fear of Death Essay -- Literary Analysis, Gilgamesh

Death it is something we all must face at one point in our lives or another. It is either a death of a loved one, friend or co-worker. Sometimes it’s the devastation from a natural disaster. No matter what makes us face the idea of death it is how we handle this realization that truly matters. When Gilgamesh is faced with the horrendous loss of his dear friend and comrade Enkidu he begins to fear death. In Gilgamesh’s youth he is proud without fear of death, it is not until he watches his friend die that his own mortality becomes a fear. The story begins showing Gilgamesh as a strong warrior as shown when he first meets Enkidu who wants to stop Gilgamesh from having relations with a woman on her wedding night. â€Å"They grappled each other, holding fast like wrestlers, They shattered the doorpost, the wall shook†¦They grappled each other at the door to the wedding, They fought in the street, the public square†¦It was Gilgamesh who knelt for the pin, his foot on the ground† (23). This shows that Gilgamesh is strong and is not afraid to fight. Here the reader is unable to see if he fears death but he faces a challenge head on. This shows a lack of fear of the unknown in regards to a fight. He is sure of himself and knows that he will win regardless of his opponent. As we read further we are told about Gilgamesh wanting to go into to the forest to kill the monster Humbaba. As he and Enkidu are preparing for the fight Enkidu speaks of his concerns in which Gilgamesh responds with â€Å"Here you are, even you, afraid of death†¦If I fall on the way, I’ll establish my name: ‘Gilgamesh, who joined battle with fierce Humbaba’†(26) this gives the idea that Gilgamesh is accepting to death at this point. He is not afraid of death because... ...athe in water, look proudly on the little one holding your hand, Let your mate be always blissful in your loins, This, then, is the work of mankind† (65). Although Gilgamesh may still be afraid of death it is notable to see how the idea of death changes from ones youth to adulthood. We can also see that how one experiences death can determine what they will feel about death. We see that during his youth Gilgamesh was carefree, not afraid to face challenges that could result in death. In fact he enjoyed them and ridiculed those who showed an ounce of fear while facing a battle. As he witnesses his close friend die he begins to fear his own death. He is afraid of wasting away and dieing in bed. At the end he comes to the realization that no matter what he did he cannot escape death and maybe it is time to live instead of worry about death that awaits him.

Islam – Hajj

Hajj Overview oPilgrimage is the supreme prayer for forgiveness of sins committed and the ultimate preparation for eternity oPilgrimage rituals which must be performed, eg circumambulation of the Ka’ba oThe rites of the Hajj symbolise the essential concepts of Islam and commemorate the trials of the Prophet Ibrahim and his family oHajj: The annual, week-long pilgrimage to Mecca (in modern-day Saudi Arabia), which is the fifth pillar of faith and is therefore an obligation as it is prescribed in the Qur’an.The complete Hajj occurs two months and ten days after Ramadan ends and culminates with ‘Id al-Adha (the Festival of Sacrifice). oIhram: The white garments are symbolic of human equality and unity before God, since all pilgrims are dressed similarly. Money and status are no longer a factor for the pilgrims— the equality of each person before God becomes foremost. oBefore they leave they must pay their debts, provide for for Hajj nd provide for any family t hat may be left behind. oThe rituals occur in and around Mecca. Before commencing Hajj or entering the holy area of Makkah the pilgrams must prepare themselves for the physical and spiritual journey ahead. This includes †¢Formal washing of the complete body †¢Making intention †¢Putting on the clothing consisting of two seamless pieces of white cloth for males. Females can wear what they like, provided its modest and covers body. †¢Attaining a state of Ihram, a state of purity, peace and honesty > refraining from sex, flirting, lustful thoughts, wearing shoes or socks. Reciting a prayer that the Hajj is for Allah alone > â€Å"here I am responding to your call O Allah. I am responding to your call. † oThen begins the physical journey of the pilgrim in Makkah. One that will take several days to complete. Significance oMuslims believe that the rites of Hajj were designed by God and taught by the Prophet Muhammad. oThe Hajj is designed to develop God conscious ness and a sense of spiritual rebirth. oIt is also believed to be an opportunity to seek forgiveness of sins accumulated throughout life. Prophet Muhammad had said that a person who performs Hajj properly ‘will return as a newly born baby [free of all sins]’. oIt is also an opportunity for Muslims from all over the world to come together to worship the One God. How Hajj Expresses the Belief of Islam oIncorpoates and expresses all the main articles of faith of Islam (beliefs about Allah, his messengers, Muhammad, the Qur’an, angels, Adam and eve the devil, life, death and the Day of Judgment to come. oTradition has it that Adam and Eve were forgiven by Allah near Mount of Mercy.In gratitude Adam built the first Ka’ba but this was washed away in the great flood. oIn the Qur’an there are many references to the Hajj and pilgrimage is mentioned many times. In fact Sura 22 is titled Al-Hajj †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Proclaim the pilgrimage to the people. They will co me to you on foot and on every lean camel, they shall come from every deep ravine† Significance of Hajj for the individual and the community o‘The reward for an accepted Hajj is nothing less than paradise’ (Hadith) oMakes present the central beliefs of a muslims religion. It is an obligatory pilgrimage oThey get to see the very places where the Prophet Muhammad lived and to walk in his footsteps is inspirational and strengthening to faith oAn opportunity for spiritual rebirth and the removal of sins, to start again and ‘return like a newborn baby’ (Hadith) oThe rejection of Satan by stoning the three pillars is a physical act that reinforces a spiritual and psychological commitment to reject evil both now and into the future oThe pilgrims state of Ihram is one of purity and humility.Here they are at peace with Allah, with themselves, with other Muslims and with all of creation. This memory will stay with them and they will try to recreate this in thei r everyday lives. oWithin Hajj the unity and universality of Islam are highlighted and strengthened. oHajj is the largest annual peace gathering in the world with over 2 million people gathering each year to pray together and be at peace with each other and with creation. oHajj reminds all Muslims of the Day of Judgement when all will assemble and be judged on their intentions.Conclusion Islam, the world’s second most followed religion can be summed up in the two sentences: ‘There is no god but God’ and ‘Muhammad is the messenger of God’. Everyone and everything depends upon Allah and it is through the guidance of the Qur’an and the example set by the Prophet’s life that Muslims cultivate an understanding of God and surrender themselves to the will of God. The relationship between the individual and God and with the community is expressed in the living out of the five pillars and following Shari‘a.Throughout its history, there hav e been shifts in how Islam views signifi cant people and schools of thought, and the modern world has brought new challenges to Islamic jurisprudence in regard to ethical issues. Muslims living in Australia have not always found it easy to ‘live out’ their religion according to Shari‘a and have had to confront misconceptions about their beliefs and practices. Today, however, the practices of Islam are a normal part of Australia’s religious landscape.

History of Physical Education Essay

A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs. How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men’s Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football. But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECE. In Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled. The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge. The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protection and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc. These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored. The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore. From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clinics and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†. The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished. The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in the productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group. Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings. This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies. In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games.

Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US

Rave Culture: The Number One Example of Social Deviance Introduction What is a rave? This is a fundamental question that, in a way, I will attempt to answer in this paper, but I will never do it. Raving is a highly subjective experience. One person's best rave is another person's worst. Any attempt to analyze rave culture must recognize the highly personal factor of the experience. It is because of this fact that I start off my attempt to analyze rave culture with a series of quotes on the experience. "...hardcore music being slammed through my body while I dance through my own psychedelic mind trip with a few hundred other beautiful energy-filled youth who accept and embrace the life force of the universe." -rave participant "In general practice, a "rave" often refers to a party, usually all night long, open to the general public, where loud techno music is ... played and many people partake of a number of different chemicals, though the latter is far from necessary. The number of people at the event is unimportant ... the cost of attendance is unimportant (though in practice, the higher the price, the more commercial the event, and the lower the quality). At a rave, the DJ is a shaman, a priest, a channeler of energy-they control the psychic voyages of the dancers through his [sic] choice in hard-to-find music and their skill in manipulating that music... A large part of the concept of raves is built upon sensory overload-a barrage of audio and very often visual stimuli are brought together to elevate people into an altered state of physical or psychological existence." -rave participant "A contingent of city, state, and military police Sunday raided the Paradox Club in the 1300 block of Russell St. where at least 600 people some as young as 14 were attending a "rave" party at which drugs where available, a Baltimore police official said yesterday" -rave participant "I walked into the space, and was immediately s... Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US Free Essays on Rave Culture In The US Rave Culture: The Number One Example of Social Deviance Introduction What is a rave? This is a fundamental question that, in a way, I will attempt to answer in this paper, but I will never do it. Raving is a highly subjective experience. One person's best rave is another person's worst. Any attempt to analyze rave culture must recognize the highly personal factor of the experience. It is because of this fact that I start off my attempt to analyze rave culture with a series of quotes on the experience. "...hardcore music being slammed through my body while I dance through my own psychedelic mind trip with a few hundred other beautiful energy-filled youth who accept and embrace the life force of the universe." -rave participant "In general practice, a "rave" often refers to a party, usually all night long, open to the general public, where loud techno music is ... played and many people partake of a number of different chemicals, though the latter is far from necessary. The number of people at the event is unimportant ... the cost of attendance is unimportant (though in practice, the higher the price, the more commercial the event, and the lower the quality). At a rave, the DJ is a shaman, a priest, a channeler of energy-they control the psychic voyages of the dancers through his [sic] choice in hard-to-find music and their skill in manipulating that music... A large part of the concept of raves is built upon sensory overload-a barrage of audio and very often visual stimuli are brought together to elevate people into an altered state of physical or psychological existence." -rave participant "A contingent of city, state, and military police Sunday raided the Paradox Club in the 1300 block of Russell St. where at least 600 people some as young as 14 were attending a "rave" party at which drugs where available, a Baltimore police official said yesterday" -rave participant "I walked into the space, and was immediately s...

Security in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Security in the Workplace - Essay Example The term security may include integrated security, physical security, company security, hiring issues, etc. Some situations may be emergencies, which definitely require a proactive procedure. Emergencies should be prevented as much as possible and that is why it is important to determine what might be an emergency, or what might lead to an emergency. If an emergency or a safety need does arise, it is detrimental that systems and policies are in place. This will not only avoid confusion and lack of readiness and education, it will minimize injuries, accidents, and liabilities. When safety/securities needs are overlooked, they can cause problems for everyone and this causes lawsuits and liabilities. The organization, with the security manager’s guidance, should look out for the safety and security of all those who enter and have dealings with the company. The security manager should also help provide a secured environment by teaching administration/management and staff how to ab ide the systems and policies, focusing on intrusion prevention and detection, consistent auditing, and computer security. Management is the authority in which the staff follows and they also provide the standard for any visitors and clients who deal with the organization, or company. Management should know what to look for during the hiring process to prevent future problems. Security in the Workplace 2 Nixon states, "Poor hiring practices can cost a company in lost productivity, theft, and at the extreme end, workplace violence incidents that can cost lives, damage the company's reputation, and depress future earnings. Legal expenses for negligence lawsuits (for issues including negligent hiring, supervision, security, training, and retention) average $2.2 million, according to Rebecca Speer, a workplace-violence attorney. But more devastating is the loss of life that violence in the workplace can cause. To minimize the risk of such incidents, companies need to implement a well-crafted hiring process that screens out violence- prone candidates before they become employees". Steps in the hiring process will lead to risk management, a safer environment for all, and fewer liabilities. "One of the simplest self-opt-out techniques is to declare the organization a "violence-free workplace," just as some organizations proclaim that they are a drug-free workplace and therefore test all applicants for drugs. If, from the outset of the hiring process, a company makes clear that its selection process focuses on individuals who will support efforts to keep the environment free of violence, individuals who have been used to displaying aggressive, hostile, and violent behavior will go elsewhere or will join the company with the understanding that this behavior is not acceptable," states Nixon. Screening candidates during job interviews is an excellent way to insure a safe and secure environment. Be sure to choose questions that are helpful in meeting your Security in the Workplace 3 organization's goals, do background checks, investigate inconsistent work history, and contact each candidate's references. Be sure to have job candidates sign a form which states that, should he/she be hired, listing false information on an application is reason for termination. The theoretical foundation for security is to determine every possible issue and concern regarding safety and security in order to plan, develop, implement, enforce,

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young Essay

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young children's rights' - Essay Example However, when dealing with children, it is crucial that their rights are respected especially since they are the weak members of society and are currently unable to fend for themselves. Hence, it is important that people or agencies that have children as a component of what they do must take note that children have rights too and are fully entitled to these rights. As mentioned, with everybody else, they have their rights from birth and must never be discriminated. Freeman (1996) further emphasizes this point stating that despite the importance and extreme value of these rights, these are automatically owned. People must not work for these rights, toil; beg much more bleed for these rights. As such, though incapable of working and are generally dependent, children must be accorded these rights. Human rights are very important. Hence, the United Nations (UN) has crafted its declaration ratified by different country members to ensure its protection. It is through this declaration that the UN protects the rights of individuals as they continually support efforts and provide recognition for this birth right of everyone (United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN 2011). However, since children are still unable to care for themselves much more know and defend their rights, the United Nations (UN) have put forth the Convention for the Rights of the Child (CRC) to provide additional protection that will ensure that children’s rights are upheld. Additionally, the CRC calls for the participation of children so that these rights may be practiced. The CRC also recognizes that adults play a crucial role for the rights to be enjoyed by every child (Nurick and Johnson, 2001). Main Body Recognizing Rights Early On As mentioned, rights are not given to anybody in the course of their lifetime hence it is not something to be taken away. These rights are born with every individual. Thus, it is important that appreciation of these rights start early for children. It then makes the integration of children’s rights during early child development crucial for the formative development of children. During these times, programs are utilized to influence the circumstances surrounding children as they grow up. Of course the family is considered since it is the immediate environment of the child. Then, the community is likewise considered and of course the institutions that are necessary for the early development of the child such as the availability of health centers and schools and the quality of service these institutions provide. Moreover, policies are also considered since these will impact on the opportunities for development as well as the protection of children’s rights (Arnold 2001). Policies play a key role since these is where funding for early childhood development comes from. An example would be the funding of the federal government of British Colombia (BC) so that there will be budget allocation to care for the unborn through pregnancy support, birth and on infancy. The government also supports parenting and the family and makes provisions for the improvement of the community and for early childhood development as well as children’s education and care. The support will really play a big role especially if this is calibrated with the

Virtual Machine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Virtual Machine - Essay Example Virtual machine is a collection of software like JVM (java virtual m/c) that provides run time environment (e.g. data structure support) to user applications. Such software is now referred with the terms virtualization that is running two or more copies of the same operating system or two or more different operating systems and virtual servers. The host software, which provides this capability, is often referred to as a virtual machine monitor or hypervisor. It resides between the hardware and the "guest" operating systems. There are four major conceptual models of Virtual Machines used today and cater for different problem The IBM Model as demonstrated in the IBM S/390 solved the need for a single computer system that could simulate multiple computers with different operating systems. instruction set and maps JVM calls to operating system calls. It simulates a fake CPU that interprets the fake CPU instructions (what is usually referred to as byte code). The most significant feature of the Java Virtual Machine the ability write a program once and execute it with Java Virtual Machines on multiple platforms. The OSI Virtual Machine and the Unix Virtual Machine, represented by the Unix user shell are used to create operating systems and providing services and functions at the operating system level that did not exist in the system hardware. The OSI Virtual Machine model solved the problem of providing services and functions at ... The OSI Virtual Machine model solved the problem of providing services and functions at the operating system level that did not exist in the system hardware. The Unix Virtual Machine model solved series of computer engineering problems by addressing the need for a modular approach to managing the launching and control of Unix processes. The success of the Unix operating systems is to a largely to the versatility and scalability of the Unix process. The History of Virtual Machines Around 1965 the researchers at IBM Yorktown Research center, developed first virtual machine environment, for the IBM System/360 mainframe called VM, which was entirely based in software. Later, IBM developed an implementation of its notion of a virtual machine and added hardware circuits to provide more robust and speedy partitioning between system images. This real world operating system, allows the user to share the resources available on their mainframe computers with many people, thus creating a multiple user environments. . This machine is now known as the IBM System 370 (S/370) and the IBM System 390 (S/390). These machines make use of the IBM VM/ESA operating system and are collectively referred to as IBM's VM lineage. Virtual Machine Research Paper 4 Benefits of running a virtual machine Virtual machine allow user to write applications on one OS and it can be executed on a machine which runs a different OS.One use is to provide multiple users the illusion of having an entire computer. Another advantage is that booting and restarting a virtual machine can be much faster than with a physical machine, since it may be possible to skip tasks such as hardware initialization. Virtual machine allows for testing OS's and requires less

Case Study in Communications Research Project Essay

Case Study in Communications Research Project - Essay Example ting the social and political condition of the society but is also responsible, if not completely yet in a major proportion, in bringing a change in the political scenario of the country. This report explores the history of the Chilean New Song Movement. After this, the identity of the movement and the cultural imperialism are discussed. Finally, we will have a glance on the musical contribution of the Chilean New Song Movement. . (Chanan, 1995) Chilean got independence on February 12, 1818, and the last of its territory, Chiloà ©, was freed from Spanish rule by 1826. The Chilean society, since the early years of 19th century, was a reflection of the stratified colonial social structure, family politics, and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church. By the early 1960s, the culture of Chile had already been under the great influence from the other nations, especially United States of America. During these years, many dramas, radio programmes, music and popular magazines were either imitators of, or the exports from United States. For example, in terms of films, the study of Movie Listing for theaters of Santiago reveals that atleast 28 out of 41 films being shown on July 24, 1969 were from the united Sates. Two Argentine, two soviet and two soviet films can also be identified. Such an influence of US culture in the Chilean society was an alarming situation for those Chileans having a sense of nationalization in them. It was not just the US films; the dominance of US culture on the Chilean one was evident in almost all the aspects of the culture of a society. (Taffet, 2000) Such situation provoked few young leftists to help redevelop an independent cultural identity. Victor Jara became the founder of this movement. She was supported by Violeta Parra, Isabel and Angela Parra, Osvaldo Rodriuez, Patricio Manns, Ronaldo Alarcon and the groups Quilpayaun and Inti-Illimani. Their collective music efforts are known as The Victor Parra, the founder of the New Chilean

Impact of Chemotherapy Induced Diarrhoea (CID)

Impact of Chemotherapy Induced Diarrhoea (CID) This assignment will critically explore one impact of cancer treatment, examining the physiological nature of the impact. I will analyse strategies for alleviating the impact, considering the contribution of the multi-disciplinary team. I will discuss the contribution of healthcare professionals to holistic care analysing the professional and ethical dimensions of practice. Finally I will evaluate the effectiveness of the current management of the identified impact. The one impact of cancer treatment which I have chosen to look at is chemotherapy induced diarrhoea (CID). The London Cancer Alliance (2013) reports that patients receiving chemotherapy are at risk of developing severe diarrhoea, and the prevalence has been reported to be as high as 50–80%. Sherman (2008) explains that diarrhoea has a significant impact on quality of life and can contribute to malnutrition, weight loss, immunosuppression, and mortality. I have personally encountered CID in my practice and have seen how debilitating it can be for service users both physiologically and psychologically. According to Stein (2010) the pathophysiology of chemotherapy induced diarrhoea is multifaceted, complex and still undergoing further investigation. This is also acknowledged by Gibson and Keefe (2006) who believe that CID is likely to be caused by combinations of varying factors which include, altered gut motility; colonic crypt damage, impairing water absorption in the colon, changes to intestinal microflora, affecting absorption and altered fluid transport in the colon. Robinson and Dobish (2007) believe that the absorptive and secretory capacity within the gut is altered during chemotherapy due to the toxicity damaging the intestinal epithelium, inflammation of the bowel wall and superficial necrosis. Which according to Stringer (2009) causes a difference between secretion and absorption in the small bowel resulting in diarrhoea. Viele (2003) suggests that there are two mechanisms by which chemotherapy may induce this. First, the diarrhoea is caused by changes in intestinal absorption which may or may not be accompanied by excessive electrolyte and fluid secretion. Second, the diarrhoea may be a consequence of a combination of mechanical and biochemical changes caused by the chemotherapy. These intestinal functional changes are thought to be a result of direct toxicity of the chemotherapy on the colonic crypt stem cells. Death of these cells leads to a cascading effect where immature crypt cells attempt to compensate by releasing more secretory compounds (Viele, 2003). The small intestine is also thought to play a role whereby the villi are unable to absorb fluids correctly, leading to a skewed ratio of fluid absorption and secretion. In addition, chemotherapy is reported to destroy the brush border enzymes, which are responsible for the digestion of both carbohydrates and proteins, and this causes more gut-wall secretions to occur (Rutledge and Engelking, 2008). Sharma (2005) informs us that if CID is uncontrolled the consequences can be devastating both physically and psychologically. According to Cherny (2008) diarrhoea can lead to, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, renal issues and even death. Viele (2003) reminds us that the impact if CID is not just physiological, the psychological effects of diarrhoea include depression, social isolation and anxiety. Patients suffering from CID will often require additional healthcare resources, such as admission, which will raise the cost of the patients care for the healthcare service (Dranitsaris et al 2005). Arnold (2005) explains that CID can interfere with cancer treatments affecting scheduled treatment plans, dose reductions ultimately leading to a worse outcome. In a reflective study of cancer patients who acquired CID, Arnold et al (2005) discovered that 65% of patients experienced a decrease in dose intensity, a dose reduction was required in 45%, a delay in treatment was experienced in 71%, and 3% had their therapy discontinued. Maroun et al (2007) conclude that treatment delays, discontinuation and dose reductions have a direct adverse effect on patient mortality and morbidity. Therefore clear objectives must be in place in order to manage chemotherapy induced diarrhoea effectively. According to Skelley (2005), healthcare professionals must promptly diagnose and treat patients with CID, minimise treatment delays, maximise chemo intensity and therefore maximise the patients’ quality of life whilst undertaking treatment. Skelley (2005) states that to manage diarrhoea in an acute setting effectively healthcare staff need to maintain an accurate stool chart and should grade diarrhoea using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Diarrhoea. The London Cancer Alliance (2013) supports the use of a grading system and shows one in their management literature and has added symptoms into the table to help aid in grading diarrhoea more effectively. The LCA (2013) add that mucositis and neutropenia from the chemotherapy treatment can also significantly increase complications associated with CID. Prompt recognition and swift appropriate treatment are essential. Therefore by completing the aforementioned measures, medical staff are enabled to choose the correct treatment options and it also helps to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment. Also we must ensure that a stool culture taken, so as to rule out any infections or other causes which could further prolong or alter treatment plans. It is important for healthcare professionals to actively encourage patients to report their bowel movements, because patients can fear that reporting diarrhoea will delay their treatment (Maroun, 2007). As a healthcare professional we should aim to reassure patients that prompt diagnosis and early treatment can prevent delays to their chemotherapy. According to Cherny (2008) patients with CID should have a full assessment including medical history, dietary history and medication review. Before treating CID other common causes of diarrhoea should be considered and excluded. These could include, adverse medication effects, concurrent Disease such as, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis, viral Infection, bacterial Infection, faecal Impaction, diet and psychological Factors (LSA, 2013). Benson (2004) believes that patient education is the vital underpinning to the management of CID and before commencing chemotherapy, patients must be fully informed of the potential risks and what actions to take, if they develop diarrhoea. Patients will require nutritional advice and the LCA (2013) guides us by showing the initial management for CID which we can in turn offer to patients. This includes drinking 8–10 large glasses of clear fluids per day to prevent dehydration and stopping lactose-containing products since lactose intolerance can develop when the mucosa is damaged. Patients need to avoid spices, high-fibre foods, high-fat foods, caffeine, alcohol and fruit juices. Small frequent meals such as bananas, toast and plain pasta are also recommended. There are many more aspects to dietary advice therefore input from a dietician would be beneficial. Benson et al (2004) show that in diarrhoea grades 1–2 Loperamide is the recommended medication, 4mg followed by 2mg after every loose stool up to 16mg daily. If diarrhoea persists, high dose Loperamide should be used and Codeine Phosphate 30–60mg QDS can be added, also a stool culture needs to be taken if not previously done. The patient will need to be admitted to hospital if not already an inpatient if the diarrhoea persists or becomes grade 3-4 after 24-48 hours. At this point Octreotide is the recommended treatment as a sub-cutaneous injection, 300mcg/24hr for 5 days, increasing to 600mcg/24hr if not effective (LCA, 2013). According to Barbounis et al (2001) Octreotide has a 60% 90% success rate in resolving persistent diarrhoea. Zidane (2001) explains that although Octreotide has proven to be more successful than Loperamide, it still remains as a second line treatment due to its high cost. Chemotherapy induced diarrhoea has tremendous effects on patients’ quality of life, the management of cancer patients requires increased attention to this side effect from nurses. Targeted education is needed to help nurses implement systematic assessment and documentation. Nurses must ensure to communicate effectively with patients and caregivers in every setting about the nature of diarrhoea and its causes, as well as develop appropriate interventions for each individual. As such, nurses need to maintain current knowledge of the causes and available treatment strategies for CID. It is also imperative to remember the beneficial effect that diet may play in alleviating diarrhoea symptoms. Reference List Arnold, R. J. Gabrail, N. Raut, M. Kim, R. Sung, J. C. Zhou, Y. (2005) ‘Clinical implications of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with cancer’. The Journal of Supportive Oncology, 3(3), pp. 227-232. Available at: http://www.oncologypractice.com/jso/journal/articles/0303227.pdf (Accessed: 22 March 2014). Benson, A.B. Ajani, J.A. Catalano, R.B. Engelking, C. Kornblau, S.M. Martenson, J.A. (2004) ‘Recommended guidelines for the treatment of cancer treatment-induced diarrhea’. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, pp. 2918–2926. Available at: http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/14/2918.long (Accessed: 30 March 2014). Cherny, N. I. (2008). ‘Evaluation and management of treatment-related diarrhea in patients with advanced cancer: A review’. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 36(4), pp. 413-423. Available at: http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0885-3924/PIIS088539240800111 5.pdf (Accessed: 8 April 2014). Dranitsaris, G. Maroun, J. Shah, A. (2005) ‘Severe chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with colorectal cancer: A cost of illness analysis’. Supportive Care in Cancer, 13(5), pp. 318-324. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15614493 (Accessed: 01 April 2014). Gibson, R J. Keefe, D M. (2006) Cancer chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea and constipation: mechanisms of damage and prevention strategies. Support Care Cancer. 14, pp 890–900. Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00520-006-0040-y (Accessed: 01 April 2014). Hogan, C M. (1998) The nurses role in diarrhea management. Oncology Nurses Forum. 25 (5), pp879-86. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9644704 (Accessed: 23 March 2014). London Cancer Alliance (2013) LCA Acute Oncology Clinical Guidelines. Available at: http://www.londoncanceralliance.nhs.uk/media/56533/FINAL LCA Acute Oncology Clinical Guidelines September 2013.pdf (Accessed: 9 March 2011). Maroun, J.A. Anthony, L.B. Blais, N. Burkes, R. Dowden, S.D. Dranitsaris, G. (2007) ‘Prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with colorectal cancer: a consensus statement by the Canadian working group on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea’. Current Oncology, 14, pp. 13–20. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1891194/ (Accessed : 10 March 2014). Rutledge, D N. Engelking, C. (2008) Cancer-related diarrhea: selected findings of a national survey of oncology nurse experiences. Oncology Nurses Forum. 25, pp 861–873. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9644704 (Accessed 01 September 2012). Sharma, R. Tobin, P. Clarke, SJ. (2005) ‘Management of chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, oral mucositis, and diarrhoea’. Oncology. 6, pp. 93–102. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470204505017353# (Accessed: 5 April 2014). Sherman, D S. Fish, D N. (2008). Management of protease inhibitor associated diarrhea. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 30, pp 908–914. Available at: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/6/908.long (Accessed 01 April 2014). Skelley, K. (2005) ‘Management of chemotherapy induced diarrhoea in adults with cancer’ (Online). Available at: http://www.ruh.nhs.uk/about/policies/documents/clinical_policies/ local/405%202006 %20Management%20of%20Chemotherapy%20Induced% 20Diarrhoea.pdf (Accessed: 22 March 2014). Stein, A. Voigt, W. Jordan, K. (2010) ‘Review: Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea: pathophysiology, frequency and guideline-based management’. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology. 2 (51). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles /PMC3126005/pdf/10.1177_1758834009355164.pdf (Accessed: 28 March 2014). Stringer, A.M. Gibson, R.J. Logan, R.M. Bowen, J.M. Yeoh, A.S. Laurence, J. (2009) ‘Irinotecan-induced mucositis is associated with changes in intestinal mucins’. Cancer Chemotherapy Pharmacology, 64, pp. 123–132. Available at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/d45k70508772318j (Accessed: 3 April 2014). Viele, C. S. (2003) ‘Overview of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea’. Oncology Nursing, 19(4 Suppl 3), pp. 2-5. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S074920810300114 (Accessed: 23 March 2014). Zidan, J. Haim, N. Beny, A. Stein, M. Gez, E. Kuten, A. (2001) ‘Octreotide in the treatment of severe chemotherapy-induced diarrhea’. Annual Oncology, 12, pp. 227–229. Available at: http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/2/227.long (Accessed 22 March 2014).